Introduction to the chapter entitled “Influences from Abroad” in British Poetry since 1945
"Despite frequent criticisms of its provincialism (induced by a too exclusive concentration upon the work of writers such as Larkin and Amis), post-war British verse shows a large measure of influence from abroad. The two principal sources of this have been Germany and the United States. Some poets were indeed born in Germany: Michael Hamburger and Karen Gershon are examples of this. Hamburger has been a prolific translator, and produced a notable Christopher Middleton. Middleton and Matthew Mead (another translator from the German) seem to show the influence of Germany and America intermingled; Middleton, like Rosemary Tonks, also seems to have felt the impact of French surrealism. American influence has been of two sorts: first there has been that of the post-Poundian or 'Black Mountain' poets, perhaps most successfully absorbed and anglicized by Charles Tomlinson, but to be felt at least as strongly in the work of the poets grouped around Gael Turnbull's Migrant Press. Inevitably, there has also been the influence of the Beats- to be seen at work here in the poetry of Anselm Hollo."